Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Glacier Bay Field Station, National Biological Service
      Publication_Date:
      Title: KITTIWAKE CHICK COUNTS AT GLACIER BAY
      Edition:
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place:
        Publisher:
      Other_Citation_Details:
      Online_Linkage: <URL: http://agdcwww.wr.usgs.gov/usgs/brd/pws/>
  Description:
    Abstract: ABSTRACT: This database contains the colony chick counts for Glacier Bay National Park's Black-legged Kittiwakes, from 1993 through the present. Colonies at Margerie Glacier and Kashoto Glacier are included. If one includes reproductive data from 1991 and 1992, not currently included in this database, chick production at Margerie Glacier, the Park's largest colony, was low in 1991 and 1992, skyrocketed in 1993, and was absolutely zero in the summer of 1994. There have usually been three entire-colony chick counts made at Margerie each year since 1992, on separate dates approximately one week apart, at the end of July and early August. PURPOSE: Black-legged Kittiwakes in the Gulf of Alaska have recently experienced widespread population declines and frequent reproductive failures, as evidenced by monitoring occurring at many colonies throughout the region. This project aims to monitor Glacier Bay's kittiwakes using methodologies consistent with these other studies so that comparisons can be made. The Park is interested, in light of the nearby recent population and reproductive declines, in knowing and monitoring the status and trends of the kittiwake colonies within the Park.
    Purpose:
    Supplemental_Information:
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Single_Date/Time:
        Calendar_Date:
        Time_of_Day:
    Currentness_Reference: unknown
  Status:
    Progress: Planned
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency:
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: 137.099999999999994
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: 135.460000000000007
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 59.3999999999999985
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 58.2000000000000028
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: BIRDS,WILDLIFE POPULATIONS
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: AK
      Place_Keyword: Alaska
      Place_Keyword: Glacier Bay Ecosystem, Glacier Bay Region
      Place_Keyword:
      Place_Keyword: Glacier Bay - This database includes kittiwake chick counts,from colonies within Glacier Bay. Currently only Margerie,Glacier and Kashoto Glacier colonies, in Tarr and Johns,Hopkins Inlets, respectively, are represented, but,additional data from other colonies will be added in the,future. No colonies are currently known from Glacier Bay's,East Arm, although there is a report of a new Black-legged,Kittiwake colony at the Riggs Glacier in the East Arm, in,the summer of 1995 (as of present this new colony has not,yet been counted). We do not have chick data from any of,Glacier Bay's outer coast (Gulf of Alaska) colonies.
  Access_Constraints: Some Glacier Bay Ecosystem Project data sets may contain data with access constraints. Such areas include sensitive information on the locations of endangered species or cultural artifacts and data which contain private or confidential information. Data sets which are not complete may have access constraints until completion. Please contact the Information Management Systems Administrator at the Glacier Bay Field Station for details on any access constraints.
  Use_Constraints: Some Glacier Bay Ecosystem Project data sets may contain data with use constraints. Such areas include sensitive information on the locations of endangered species or cultural artifacts and data which contain private or confidential information. In addition some data sets are collaborative efforts with outside researchers and represent unpublished work for which we request respect for intellectual property rights. Some data sets are not complete and if access is given the use may be restricted until completion. Please contact the Information Management Systems Administrator at the Glacier Bay Field Station for details on any use constraints.
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: NBS
        Contact_Person: GLACIER BAY INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: Glacier Bay National Park,One National Park Road,P.O. Box 140,Gustavus, Alaska 99826
        City:
        State_or_Province:
        Postal_Code:
        Country:
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907) 697-2230
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone:
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: GLBA_INFORMATION_MANAGEMENT@NPS.GOV
  Browse_Graphic:
    Browse_Graphic_File_Name:
    Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
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  Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The counts of kittiwake chicks at a colony are subject to,observer error. Observers unfamiliar with binoculars, birds,,seabird colonies, and this kittiwake colony in particular,,require more time and are less accurate in their counting.,In addition to observer error, other factors affecting the,accuracy and quality of counts include inclement weather and,predators. Precipitation causes binoculars to fog up, making,counting difficult. Because of this, we attempted not to,count in very rainy weather. In addition, predators such as,Bald Eagles, Golden Eagles, Peregrine Falcons, and Ravens,cause disturbance and flushing of the kittiwakes from the,colony. Such disturbances, if prolonged, cause many (adult),kittiwakes not to return to their cliff nests, which makes,chicks more visible to the observer than when they are being,brooded by their parents. This introduces additional,variation into the data. By having two observers counting,chicks and requiring complete agreement about chick number,,we attempt to reduce some of the human errors.
    Quantitative_Attribute_Accuracy_Assessment:
      Attribute_Accuracy_Value:
      Attribute_Accuracy_Explanation:
  Logical_Consistency_Report:
  Completeness_Report: This database currently contains chick counts only from the,summer of 1993, for only two of the Park's colonies. Data,from 1991 and 1992, and for other colonies, should be,entered in the future, and the "zero productivity" of 1994,also will be entered. Also, this database will continue to,be updated annually with chick counts made by the kittiwake,monitoring project.
  Positional_Accuracy:
    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
  Lineage:
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: FIELD OBSERVATIONS AND SURVEYS
          Publication_Date:
          Publication_Time:
          Title:
          Edition:
          Online_Linkage:
      Source_Scale_Denominator: N/A
      Type_of_Source_Media:
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Single_Date/Time:
            Calendar_Date:
      Source_Contribution: FIELD OBSERVATIONS AND SURVEYS
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Black-legged Kittiwake chicks were counted visually, mostly,with binoculars, but with the unaided eye if the observers,were close enough. Each colony was divided into plots based,on naturally-occurring features on the cliff faces (see,kwbndary.doc), and then the chicks of each plot was counted,separately for ease of counting; all the plots were later,summed for a total colony chick count. All chicks that we,could see, from downy newly-hatched chicks, to,nearly-fledging big chicks, were counted. Two observers,counted a plot either separately or together; if the two,observers counted separately, the chick count was not,recorded until complete agreement between the two counters,was reached. Chicks from the entire colony at Margerie,Glacier, the Park's largest colony, were generally counted,three separate times. These three separate occasions were,each separated by approximately one week, in late July and,early August, in order to count the maximum number of chicks,produced.
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
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  Raster_Object_Information:
    Raster_Object_Type:
    Row_Count:
    Column_Count:
    Vertical_Count:
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Geographic:
      Latitude_Resolution:
      Longitude_Resolution:
      Geographic_Coordinate_Units: OR
    Planar:
      Map_Projection:
        Map_Projection_Name:
        Albers_Conical_Equal_Area:
          Standard_Parallel:
          Longitude_of_Central_Meridian:
          Latitude_of_Projection_Origin:
          False_Easting:
          False_Northing: OR
      Grid_Coordinate_System:
        Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: UTM
        Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
          UTM_Zone_Number:
          Transverse_Mercator:
    OR
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name:
      Ellipsoid_Name:
      Semi-major_Axis:
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio:
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: Information Management System Administrator ,National Biological Service, Box 140, Glacier Bay Field Station, Gustavus, AK 99826, (907-697-2230)
        Contact_Person:
      Contact_Address:
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      Hours_of_Service:
      Contact_Instructions:
  Resource_Description:
  Distribution_Liability: Although these data have been processed,successfully on a computer system at the,National Biological Service, no warranty,expressed or implied is made regarding,the accuracy or utility of the data on,any other system or for general or,scientific purposes, nor shall the act,of distribution constitute any such,warranty. This disclaimer applies both,to individual use of the data and,aggregate use with other data. It is,strongly recommended that these data are,directly acquired from a National,Biological Service server, and not,indirectly through other sources which,may have changed the data in some way.,It is also strongly recommended that,careful attention be paid to the,contents of the metadata file associated,with these data. The National Biological,Service shall not be held liable for,improper or incorrect use of the data,described and/or contained herein.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Non-digital_Form:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name:
        Format_Version_Number:
        File_Decompression_Technique: gzip
        Transfer_Size:
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name:
          Access_Instructions: Open access via anonymous ftp
        Offline_Option:
          Offline_Media:
          Recording_Capacity:
            Recording_Density:
            Recording_Density_Units:
          Recording_Format:
          Compatibility_Information:
    Fees:
    Ordering_Instructions: (Interim Statement) The Glacier Bay Information Management Team is currently developing the methodologies for distribution of data sets. Until standardized methods are developed please contact the Information Management System Administrator to obtain the latest information on methods for obtaining data.
    Turnaround:
  Custom_Order_Process:
  Technical_Prerequisites:
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date:
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Karen Oakley
        Contact_Organization: USGS Biological Resources Division / Alaska Science Center
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: 1011 East Tudor Road
        City: Anchorage
        State_or_Province: AK
        Postal_Code: 99503
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-3579
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: karen_oakley@nbs.gov
      Contact_Instructions: The USGS BRD Alaska Science Center will be making an effort to keep the information provided in these metadata records current.  Please send corrections, additions and suggestions for improvement to Karen Oakley at the above address.
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: 19940608
  Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
  Metadata_Use_Constraints: None