The Rain Forest Atlas - page 7

Page 7: Data Sources, References

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Data Sources

Base Data

Coastline, Hydrography, Political Boundaries:
U.S. Department of Defense. Defense Mapping Agency. Digital Chart of the World. Date: 1993. Scale: 1:1,000,000.

Bathymetry:
U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. West Coast of North America Coastal and Ocean Zones Assessment: Data Atlas. Date: 1988. Scale: 1:5,000,000 (approx.).

Temperature and Precipitation:
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA). Database for Mean Monthly Values of Temperature, Precipitation and Cloudiness on a Global Terrestrial Grid. WP-90-41. Laxenberg, Austria. Date: 1990. Resolution: 30 minutes.

Native Languages

Language Group Boundaries:
Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska. Native Peoples and Languages of Alaska. Compiled by Michael Krauss. Date: 1982. Scale: 1:2,500,000.

The Press of the Oregon Historical Society (Western Imprints). Native Languages of the Northwest Coast. Compiled by Wayne Suttles. Date: 1985. Scale: 1:3,000,000.

Estimates of Current Speakers:
Hinton, L. and Y. Montijo. 1993. In Our Own Words — a report on the status of California's native languages. News from Native California. Vol.7, No.4.

Krauss, M. 1994. The Indigenous Languages of the North: a Report to UNESCO on Their Present State. Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska, Fairbanks.

Powell, J. 1994. Personal communication. University of British Columbia, Vancouver.

Original Distribution

Generalized land cover:
U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, EROS Data Center. Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Normalized Difference in Vegetation Index (NDVI). Date: August 11–20, 1990. Resolution: 1km.

Average Annual Precipitation:
California Department of Forestry. Average Annual Precipitation. Scale: 1:1,000,000.

U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division. Oregon Average Annual Precipitation (from USDA Soil Conservation Service map). Date: 1964. Scale: 1:1,500,000.

U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division. Average Annual Precipitation Isohyetals for Alaska. Date: 1992. Scale: 1:2,500,000.

Washington Department of Natural Resources. Average Annual Precipitation (from NOAA Precipitation Frequency Atlas of the Western U.S.). Date: 1973. Scale: 1:2,000,000.

Range in Mean Annual Temperature:
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IlASA). Database for Mean Monthly Values of Temperature, Precipitation and Cloudiness of a Global Terrestrial Grid. WP-90-41. Laxenberg, Austria. Date: 1990. Resolution: 30 minutes.

Elevation:
U.S. Department of Defense, Defense Mapping Agency. Digital Chart of the World. Date: 1993. Scale: 1:1,000,000.

Biogeoclimatic Zones (British Columbia):
British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Research Branch. Biogeoclimatic Units of Coastal British Columbia. Date: 1985 (updated 1994). Scale: 1:250,000.

Major Land Resource Areas:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. Major Land Resource Areas. Date: 1981. Scale: 1:7,500,000.

Alaska Vegetation:
Ecosystems of Alaska. Map addendum to: Viereck, LA. and EL. Little. 1972. Alaska Trees and Shrubs. Agricultural Handbook. 410. USDA Forest Service. Washington D.C. Scale: 1:5,000,000.

Redwood Zone:
California Department of Forestry. Vegetation Types (after Parker and Matyas). Date: 1977. Resolution: 400 acre.

Current Forest Status

Human Development:
Alaska Department of Natural Resources. Digital GIS database of logged areas for Prince William Sound prepared for the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustees. Date: 1994. Scale: 1:63,360.

Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Planning Department. Yakataga Area Plan. Date: 1994.

Alaska Interim Land Cover Mapping Program. USGS National Mapping Program Technical Instructions. Data Users Guide 7. Date: 1987.

British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Research Branch. Land Cover Mapping (from Landsat Thematic Mapper). Date: 1993. Scale: 1:250,000.

Oregon Gap Analysis Project. Oregon Actual Vegetation (from Landsat Multi-Spectral Scanner). Date: 1992. Scale: 1:250,000.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Tongass National Forest. GIS database of harvested areas ("stands") and private lands. Date: 1993. Scale: 1:63,360.

U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, EROS Alaska Field Office. Alaska Interim Land Cover Mapping Program. Date: 1980–85. Scale: 1:250,000.

U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, EROS Data Center. Land Cover Characteristics. Date: 1990. Resolution: 1km.

U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. Laud Use/Land Cover. Date: 1976–1979. Scale: 1:250,000.

Forest Fragments:
Alaska Department of Natural Resources. Alaska Land and Resource Mapping (ALARM) program. Date: early 1980s. Scale: 1:250,000.

British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Research Branch. Land Cover Mapping (from Landsat Thematic Mapper). Date: 1993. Scale: 1:250,000.

California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, Timberland Task Force. Klamath Province Wildlife Habitat database. Date: 1991. Scale: 30m.

Environmental Systems Research Institute. Alaska land and resource mapping program: Final Report. (Report prepared for Alaska Department of Natural Resources.) Date: 1984.

Oregon Gap Analysis Project. Oregon Actual Vegetation (from Landsat Multi-Spectral Scanner). Date: 1992. Scale: 1:250,000.

Sierra Club of British Columbia and The Wilderness Society. Vegetation Data for Vancouver Island (from Landsat Thematic Mapper). Date: 1990. Resolution: 57m.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Chugach National Forest. Timber Type database. Date: 1950s–1980s. Scale: 1:31,680.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Tongass National Forest. Timber Type database. Date: 1987. Scale: 1:63,360.

U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, EROS Alaska Field Office. Alaska Interim Land Cover Mapping Program. Date: 1980–85. Scale: 1:250,000.

Washington Department of Natural Resources. Crown Closure Data (from Landsat Thematic Mapper). Date: 1988–1990. Resolution: 25m.

Washington Department of Wildlife. Late Successional Forest Data (from Landsat Multi-Spectral Scanner). Date: 1984–1986, updated 1988–1989. Resolution: 8Om.

The Wilderness Society. Ancient Forest Data for Twelve Westside National Forests (from Landsat Thematic Mapper). Date: 1988–1990. Resolution: 57m.

Protected Areas:
Alaska Department of Natural Resources. Conservation System Units GIS database prepared for the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustees. Date: 1993. Scale: 1:63,360–1:250,000.

Bonneville Power Administration. Washington State Parks and Wildlife Recreation Areas (from various state agencies). Date: 1991. Scale: 1:24,000.

British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Research Branch. Protected Areas Data. Date: 1993. Scale: 1:250,000.

California Department of Forestry. Land Ownership (from BLM and other source maps). Date: early 1970s to late 1980s. Scale 1:100,000.

Conservation International. Selected Public Lands in Oregon and Washington (from BLM source maps). Date: late 1970s to late 1980s. Scale: 1:100,000.

Oregon State Service Center for GIS. Managed Areas (from BLM and other source maps). Scale: 1:100,000.

Pacific GIS. Tatshenshini Park boundaries (manually digitized). Date: 1994.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Chugach National Forest. Recommended wilderness and wilderness study area boundaries. Date: 1990 (approx.). Scale: 1:63,360.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Region 6. Administrative and Reserved Area Boundaries for Nine Westside National Forests.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Tongass National Forest. Variable comparison units (VCU) GIS database. Scale: 1:63,360.

U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. GIS databases for Wrangell~St. Elias and Glacier Bay National Parks. Scale: 1:250,000.

Watershed Condition Analysis

Watershed Boundaries:
British Columbia Ministry of Forests. Watersheds for Vancouver Island. Scale: 1:50,000.

Conservation International and Keith Moore. Major Coastal Watersheds for British Columbia (from Energy, Mines and Resources Canada NTS series maps.) Date: 1970s. Scale: 1:250,000.

Conservation International and Pacific GIS. Major Watershed Boundaries for Coastal Northern California, Oregon, Washington, and Alaska. (from U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000 Digital Elevation Models and 1:100,000 Digital Line Graphs). Date: 1994.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Tongass National Forest. Variable comparison units (VCU) GIS database. Scale: 1:63,360.

References

Alaback, P.B. 1991 - Comparative ecology of temperate rainforests of the Americas along analogous climatic gradients. Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 64: 399–412.

Alaback, P.B. 1995. Biodiversity patterns in relation to climate and a genetic base for the rainforests of the west coast of North America. In R. Lawford, P.B. Alaback, and E.R. Fuentes, eds. 1995. High Latitude Rain Forests of the West Coast of the Americas: Climate, Hydrology, Ecology and Conservation. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Archibold, O.IV. 1995. Ecology of World Vegetation. London: Chapman and Hall.

Barbour, M. and J. Major, eds. 1988.Terrestrial Vegetation of California. Sacramento, Calif: (California Native Plant Society).

Beebe, S.B. and E.C. Wolf. 1991. The coastal temperate rain forest: an ecosystem management perspective. In Keith Moore. Coastal Watersheds: An Inventory of Watersheds in the Coastal Temperate Forests of British Columbia. Vancouver, B.C.: Earthlife Canada Foundation in association with Ecotrust and Conservation International.

Boas, Franz. 1934. Geographical Names of the Kwakiutl. Columbia University Contributions to Anthropology, No. 20. New York: Columbia University Press.

Broadhead, J. 1995. Remaining Uncut Forests of Haida Gwaii. Queen Charlotte City, B.C. Gwaii Hanas Institute.

Dauenhaner, R. and N.M. Dauenhaner 1992. Native Language Survival. Left Bauk #2.

Eyre, F.M. (ed.) 1980. Forest Cover Types of the United States and Canada. Washington, D.C.: Society of American Foresters.

Farr, W.A. and J.S. Hard. 1987. Multivariate analysis of climate along the southern coast of Alaska — some forestry implications. (Research paper.) USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Ore.

Finch, C. and A. Phipps. 1993. Alaska Rainforest Atlas — the Ecosystem, the People, the Challenge. Juneau, Ak.: Southeast Alaska Conservation (Council and Alaska Center for the Environment.

Forest Ecosystem Management Assessment Team (FEMAT). 1993. Forest Ecosystem Management: An Eco1ogical, Economic, and Social Investment. Portland, Ore.

Franklin, J.F., and C.T. Dyrness. 1988. The Natural Vegetation of Oregon and Washington. Portland, Ore.: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station.

Franklin, J.F. and R. Waring. 1980. Distinctive features of the Northwestern Coniferous Forest: Development, Structure, and Function. In Forests: Fresh Perspectives for Ecosystem Analysis. Proceedings of the 40th annual biology colloquium. Corvallis, Ore.: Oregon State University Press.

Fujimori, T. 1971. Primary productivity of a young Tsuga heterophylla stand and some speculations about biomass of forest communities on the Oregon coast. (Research paper.) USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Ore.

Hall, B.M. and 3. F. McLellan (British Columbia Ministry of Forests). 1990. Major unlogged watersheds on Vancouver Island. Forest Planning Canada.

Hinton, L. and Y. Montijo. 1993. In our own words — a report on the status of California's native languages News from Native California, Vol.7, No.4.

Holderidge, L.R., W.C. Grenke, W.H. Hatheway, T. Liang and J.A. Tosi. 1971. Forest Environments in Tropical Life Zones. Oxford, U.K.: Pergamon Press.

Huntington, C.W., W. Nehlsen, aud J. Bowers. 1994. Healthy Stocks of Anadromous Salmonids in the Pacific Northwest and California. Portland, Ore.: Oregon Trout.

Kellogg, E.L., ed. 1992. Coastal Temperate Rain Forests: Ecological Characteristics, Status, and Distribution Worldwide. Occasional Paper No. 1. Portland, Ore.: Ecotrust and Conservation International.

Koppen, W. 1918. Klassifikation der klimate nach temperatur, niederschlag, und jahreslauf. Petermann's Mitteilungen. 64:193–203.

Krauss, M. 1994. The Indigenous Languages of the North: Report to UNESCO on their Present State. Alaska Native Language Center. University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Ak.

Kuchler, A.W. 1949. A geographical system of vegetation. Geographical Review. 37:233–240.

de Laubenfels, 1975. Mapping the World's Vegetation. Syracuse Geographic Series 4. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press.

Lawford, R., Alaback, P., and Fuentes, E.R. 1995. High Latitude Rain Forests of the West Coast of the Americas: Climate, Hydrology, Ecology and Conservation. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

MacKinnon, A. and M. Eng. 1995. Old Forests: Inventory for Coastal British Columbia. Cordillera (Victoria, B.C.), Vol.2, No.1.

Moore, K. 1990. Where is it and how much is left? The state of the temperate rainforest in British Columbia. Forest Planning Canada.

Moore, K. 1991. Coastal Watersheds: An Inventory of Watersheds in the Coastal Temperate Forests of British Columbia. Vancouver, B.C.: Earthlife Canada Foundation in association with Ecotrust and Conservation International.

Morrison, P. 1988. Old Growth in the Pacific Northwest: A status report. Washington, D.C.: The Wilderness Society.

Nabhan, G. P. and S. St. Antoine. 1993. The loss of floral and faunal story: the extinction of experience. In Kellert, S.R. and E.O. Wilson, eds. 1993. The Biophilia Hypothesis. Washington, D.C. and Covelo, Calif: Island Press.

Norse, E.A. 1990. Ancient Forests of the Pacific Northwest. Washington, D.C. and Covelo, Calif.: Island Press.

Noss, R.F. 1992. A Preliminary Biodiversity Conservation Plan for the Oregon Coast Range. Newport, Ore.: Coast Range Association. Pojar, J., K. Klinka, and D.A. Demarchi. 1991. Coastal western hemlock zone. Chap. 6 in D. Meidinger and J. Pojar, eds. 1991. Ecosystems of British Columbia. Special Report Series 6. Victoria, B.C.: Ministry of Forests.

Sierra Club of British Columbia. 1992. Old-Growth Vegetation of Vancouver Island: 1953 versus 1991. Vancouver, B.C.

Stafford, K. 1986. Having Everything Right. New York: Penguin Books.

Sturtevant, William C., ed. 1990. Handbook of the North American Indians. Vol. 7, Northwest Coast. Edited by Wayne Suttles. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

Suttles, W. 1985. Native Languages of the Northwest Coast. (1:3,000,000 Lambert Conic Conformal Projection color map.) Portland, Ore.: Press of the Oregon Historical Society.

Udvardy, M.D.F. 1975. A Classification of the Biogeographic Provinces of the World. Occasional Paper No. 18. Gland, Switzerland: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.

Veblen, T.T., and P.B. Alaback. 1995. A comparative review of forest dynamics and disturbance in the temperate rainforests in North and South America. In R. Lawford, P. Alaback, and E.R. Fuentes, eds. High Latitude Rain Forests of the West Coast of the Americas: Climate, Hydrology, Ecology and Conservation. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Viereck, L.A., C.T. Dyrness, A.R. Batten, and K.J. Wenzlick. 1992. The Alaska Vegetation Classification. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-286. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Ore.

Weigand, J. 1990. (Coastal temperate rain forests: definition and global distribution with particular emphasis on North America. (Unpublished report.) Ecotrust/Conservation International, Portland, Ore.

Whittaker, R.H. 1975. Communities and Ecosystems. New York: MacMillan.

Wilderness Advisory Committee. 1986. The Wilderness Mosaic. (Report to the Minister of Environment.) Victoria, B.C.

Wilson, E.O. 1994. The Diversity of Life. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.